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Pumped storage hydropower (PSH) is a type of hydroelectric power generation used for energy storage and grid balancing. It involves moving water between two reservoirs at different elevations to store and generate electricity. PSH provides a reliable way to balance supply and demand, store excess energy, and enhance the stability of the electrical grid.
How Pumped Storage Works
During periods of low electricity demand or when there is excess generation from other sources , electricity is used to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir. This process converts electrical energy into potential energy stored in the form of elevated water.
Upper and Lower Reservoirs
The upper and lower reservoirs are the two main water storage bodies in a pumped storage system. The upper reservoir stores water at a higher elevation, while the lower reservoir is located at a lower elevation.
Pump-Turbine Units
Pump-turbine units are dual-purpose machines that can function both as pumps and turbines. During the charging mode, they operate as pumps to move water from the lower to the upper reservoir. During the discharging mode, they operate as turbines to generate electricity from the water flowing back to the lower reservoir.
Penstocks and Pipelines
Penstocks are large pipes that transport water between the reservoirs and the pump-turbine units. They are designed to handle high pressures and efficiently convey water to maximize energy transfer.
Powerhouse
The powerhouse houses the pump-turbine units, generators, and control systems. It is designed to facilitate easy access for operation, maintenance, and monitoring. The powerhouse is typically located near the lower reservoir to minimize the distance and energy loss in water transfer.
Pumped storage hydropower is a proven and efficient technology for energy storage and grid management. By leveraging the natural properties of water and gravity, it provides a reliable means of storing and generating electricity, enhancing grid stability, and supporting the integration of renewable energy sources. With its numerous benefits, pumped storage plays a crucial role in the transition to a more sustainable and resilient energy future.